Introduction to the principles of laboratory medicine. It explains the classification of instruments based on the interactions of the molecules with the matter and energy, the. The concepts of electricity and electronic components and principles of instrumentation and automation in. Western laboratory health and safety manual page 5 of 71 4.
A basic understanding of the laboratory testing process is an essential but underemphasized aspect in medical training. This is used to cause an artificial venous stasis by applying pressure through this rubber tube. Some of these individuals may also have supervisory functions. Fundamentals of instrumentation and measurementedited by dominique placko. Technical functions of the instrument technical aspects of the strips, enough blood, position of strip, temperature, light humidity. Laboratory instrumentation in clinical biochemistry. Forensic laboratory management practices introduction the american society of crime laboratory directors is a professional organization of managers and supervisors employed in forensic laboratories. Furthermore, overordering, underordering, and misordering of diagnostic tests, including lab tests, are common. Principles of documentation 2017 for the statement of deficiencies form cms 2567 table of contents. The complexity of the laboratory system requires that many factors must be addressed to assure quality in the laboratory. We are the holders of a public trust because a portion of the vital affairs of other people has been placed into our hands by virtue of the role of. The purpose of this discussion is to help the student understand proper laboratory safety, to increase his awareness of the possible risks or hazards involved with laboratory work and to realize the laboratory is generally a safe place to work if safety guidelines are properly followed. Principles of design, supply and usage of clinical laboratory equipment for. This guidance outlines the general principles and approaches that fda considers appropriate elements of process validation for the manufacture of.
Maintenance manual for laboratory equipment iii table of figures viii acknowledgements x introduction xi chapter 1 microplate reader 1 photograph of microplate reader 1 purpose of the microplate reader 1 operation principles 1 installation requirements 3 routine maintenance 3 troubleshooting table 4 basic defi nitions 5 chapter 2. The measurement principle of the sensor system is based on the detection of. Good laboratory practice glp is a method employed in a laboratory setting to. Laboratory quality management system world health organization. Principles and applications of laboratory instrumentation. Using six sigma and lean principles to improve laboratory operations big bang makeover of the clinical laboratory. A historical perspective on the evolution of the instruments, with discussion on the basic principles of their operation, along with the advantages and limitations of methodologies, is provided. This is the complete set of the series on oecd principles of good laboratory practice glp which set the quality standards for the organisation and management of test facilities and for performing and reporting studies related to the safety of chemical substances and preparations. There are five guiding principles in implementing lean methodologies.
Intended for clinical laboratory personnel, pathologists, biochemists and cytologists, this basic textbook covers the use of instruments in the clinical laboratory. Medical laboratory is one part of the laboratory that is equipped with various biomedical instruments, equipments, materials and reagents chemicals. The purpose of these principles of good laboratory practice is to promote the development of quality test data. Wire gauze is usually placed on top of this structure. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 529k, or click on a page image below. Fundamentals of instrumentation and process control. Dedicated, professional staff who understand the principles of qc are key to. Elementary principles of laboratory instruments, 2nd ed. Lab coats much be taken off when exiting the lab and entering a non laboratory area. This leads to engorgement of the veins, allowing them to be seen more easily. Previously this was widely used to detect various things in bold.
Consensus statement from the 1st strategic conference of the european federation of clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine. Comparable quality of test data forms the basis for the mutual acceptance of test data among countries. Pdf on mar 17, 2018, mosab nouraldein mohammed hamad and others published essential laboratory equipments find, read and cite all. Principles of laboratory instruments schoeff, larry e. An example of safety in a common heat exchanger process is the. Instruments used in medical laboratories wikipedia. An introduction to the basic principles of instrument calibration. Each analytical laboratory has a defined objective, whether it be product discovery, quality control, or testing and analysis. Western university laboratory health and safety manual. In the 1956, leonard skeggs developed the first practical and completely automated system for measuring urea, glucose, and calcium, the autoanalyzer, an instrument designed to meet the specific needs of the clinical chemistry laboratory. Using six sigma and lean principles to improve laboratory.
Upon completion of the lecture, accompanying video, required readings and clinical rotations, the student will be able to. Microelectrodes, available as a pdf file which may be. To impart basic knowledge on laboratory principles, procedures and techniques unit. Whether you need large essentials like freezers, ovens or an incubator, smaller tools like microscopes, refractometers, and water baths, or everyday bench items like glassware, spatulas and ph meters, youll be sure to find the. In 2008 the cap established a voluntary nonregulated accreditation program with the iso. The value of the lab must first be understood from the customers perspective, whether that customer is internal or external. This ppt explain in details basic principles of working in a clinical laboratory, the safety measures and associated hazards and the regulations applicable for clinical lab. Equipment and instruments fisher scientific provides you with a wide range of highquality equipment for your lab. Pdf principles of design, supply and usage of clinical laboratory. Information on standardization, quality control and quality assurance in the clinical laboratory is also included. To provide an overview of using six sigma and lean principles in chartering, designing and. The tests in a clinical chemistry laboratory measure concentrations of biologically important ions salts and minerals, small organic molecules and large macromolecules primarily proteins.
Applying lean principles in the analytical laboratory. See section 6 for more detail about specific analytes. The committee defines high school science laboratories as follows. Good laboratory practice training manual for the trainer. Principles of measuring voltage, current and resistance 5. Laboratory is a place that is equipped with different instruments, equipments and chemicals reagents etc.
Based on components of biological variation of the measurand model 3. The oxford dictionary explains the term measure as. Key lessons for work flow, analyzers, and service improvements atlanta, ga purposeobjectives purpose. Study the safety procedures of the electrical lab 2. Science laboratories have been part of high school.
Laboratory instruments in clinical chemistry, principles. Colorimetrycolorimetry how do we use this principle. Equivalent qc requires more than a basic understanding of qc principles, so is not covered in this workbook. List of equipment apparatus used in microbiology laboratory.
Clinical chemistry laboratory automation in the 21st. Principles and applications of laboratory instrumentation ncbi nih. All tests should be set out in a standard format and the results recorded on the appropriate laboratory protocols. Recent decades have seen a dramatic expansion in the services of clinical laboratories. The safety of plant personnel and the community is the highest priority in any operation. I basic laboratory principles code of conduct of medical laboratory personnel. The output signals are standard signal and can then be processed by other equipment to provide. Chemistry lab blood, urine, fluids hematology elements of blood microbiology tissues to search for organisms blood bank. The equipment is electrically powered and uses ammonia as the refrigerant. In the laboratory, eight main types of instruments are used. By advancement in technology to make the laboratory testings more accurate, fast, reliable and cost effective, we require these instruments with its proper care and maintenance. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 529k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page.
Full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. Understand instrument calibration terms calibration range, instrument range, zero and span adjustments, five point calibration, field calibration, inshop or bench calibration, bench tester, calibrators, calibration records, as found data, as left data. Clinical laboratory instrumentation responsible for analyzing patient specimens to provide information to aid in diagnosis of disease to evaluate effectiveness of therapy major sections. Study the basic functions of digital multimeter dmm 3.
Laboratory equipment, instruments and supplies world precision. Oecd series on principles of good laboratory practice and. Unless otherwise stated, the principles described in the general notes relate mainly to the use of test tubes. The types of instruments and chemistry systems discussed here can be considered. Utility clamp used to hold a test tube or other piece of equipment in place on a ring stand. Basic principles of instrument calibration learning. There can be reagents in the strips that are sensitive to these factors and that can be detected by the instrument. Schoeff selection of laboratory instruments lemuel j.