The presence or absence and various combinations of protective and risk factors contribute to the mental health of youth. Grief or sadness is a typical response to a traumatic life event or crisis, such as the death of a spouse or family member. Biochemical factors our knowledge of the human brain is still fairly limited, therefore we do not really know what actually happens in the brain to cause depression. Risk and protective factors for depression in youth. Objectiveew studies have examined the effect of risk f factor modifications on depression incidence.
The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of depression. The present study aims to study the prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression among mothers. As with other types of depression, smiling depression can be triggered by a situation like a failing relationship or loss of a job. Identifying protective and risk factors in youth may guide the prevention and intervention strategies to pursue with them. Depression is one of the most common mental health disorders, affecting 14% of all people at some point in their lifetime. The present study aims to study the prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression. Postpartum depression ppd can result in negative personal and child developmental outcomes. This thesis also includes the prevalence of depression and the potential risk factors that contributed to the development of depression among children and adolescents. While certain risk factors are associated with increased risk for depression, people suffering from depression may suffer from different types of depression. Depression can strike anyone, at any age, regardless of race, gender or practically any other demographic marker you can name. Medical risk factors for depression biochemical factors depression is a type of mood disorder that some believe is triggered when neurotransmitters in the brain are out of balance. Statistical analysis the levels of anxiety and depression among cancer patients were represented in percentages and their 95 % confidence intervals 95 % ci, and. Depression is unlikely to occur without stressful life events, but the risk of developing depression as a result of such an event is strongly genetically determined.
Rates the average prevalence rate for depression in adults over the age of 65 is. This study was to explore psychosocial risk factors for depression and quantify the effect of risk. Brief report examining risk and resilience factors for depression. Determining individual vulnerability to life stress and the effect of stressors on treatment outcome of depression are highlighted as the next ma jor targets for. Risk and protective factors play a critical role in suicide prevention. It causes severe symptoms that affect how you feel, think, and handle daily activities, such as sleeping, eating, or working. The burden of postpartum depression is significant because it remains unrecognized and it not only affects the mother adversely but also has a negative consequence on the family life and the development of the infant. Thus, researchers sometimes identify risk factors for depressive. Factors that seem to increase the risk of developing or triggering depression include. Read more about these risk factors and how to treat depression.
The book divides risk factors into biological, cognitive, and social risk factors. This is a pdf file of an unedited manuscript that has. Risk factor modifications and depression incidence. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence and possible risk factors of depression.
The strongest risk factors for both onset and maintenance of depression. To be diagnosed with depression, the symptoms must be present for at least two weeks. Prevalence and risk factors of depression, anxiety, and. Postpartum depression ppd affects women around the world and it is estimated that its prevalence. This study was to explore psychosocial risk factors for depression and quantify the effect of risk factor modifications on depression. Thus, the purpose of this investigation was to determine risk factors for depression. Risk factors for depression in elderly period elderliness is a stage in which the features gained in former stages become mature and integrated. Ehret1, jutta joormann2, and matthias berking3 1institute of psychology. Investing in mental health world health organization. Risk factors for depression among elderly community.
Genespeople with a family history of depression may be more likely to develop it than. Specified in the risk factors were the genetic and biological vulnerability, environmental factors. For an elderly who has formerly experienced healthy development periods. It is possible to develop depression with or without the risk factors listed below. Risk factors of depression studies n 11 explored financial difficulties, female sex, lack of social support, stressful life events, serious or chronic illness e. Depressed teenagers may be at risk of suicide, even if signs and symptoms. Depression is one of the most common major mental illnesses and. Postpartum depression, risk factors, cultural considerations, middle eastern, arab women. Researchers suspect there are actually many different causes of depression.
According to the determined criterias, 21 article of the 66 articles were selected in this study and the relationship between risk factors and symptoms of depression were summarized and compared. Assessment of prevalence and risk factors of depression among adults in. However, the more risk factors you have, the greater your likelihood of developing depression. Depression is one of the most common mental disorders in the u. Examining risk and resilience factors for depression. Prevalence of anxiety and depression and their risk. As with many mental illness risk factors for suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Several factors, or a combination of factors, may contribute to depression. Scientists at nimh and across the country are studying the causes of depression. Research suggests that a combination of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors play a role in depression. Risk factors for depression the american journal of geriatric. Pdf symptoms and risk factors of depression during and.
Life stressors as risk factors in depression wiley online library. Certain personality traits, such as low selfesteem and being too dependent, selfcritical or pessimistic traumatic or stressful events, such as physical or sexual abuse, the death or loss of a loved one, a difficult relationship. Modifiable risk and protective factors for depressive symptoms in. Comparison of risk factors for the onset and maintenance. Risk and protective processes and mechanisms associated with depression in youth are discussed within a developmentalecological framework. Depression is one of the most common mental disorders in the united states. Suicide most often occurs when stressors and health issues converge to create an experience of hopelessness and despair. Current research suggests that depression is caused by a combination of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. Open access research risk factor modifications and.
Depression major depressive disorder or clinical depression is a common but serious mood disorder. In this article, the results of the 2016 national household survey of depression in north cyprus nc are presented. Depression can occur along with other serious illnesses, such as diabetes, cancer, heart disease. Risk factors in depression consolidates research findings on risk factors into one source, for ease of reference for both researchers and clinicians in practice. Conditions like depression, anxiety and substance problems, especially when unaddressed, increase risk. Depression symptoms likely wont get better on their own and they may get worse or lead to other problems if untreated. Many factors contribute to developing depression, including medical, social, and substancerelated. Pdf on jan 1, 2018, muhammad ishtiaq and others published depression. Of the 11 studies, all were crosssectional except for one randomized controlled pilot study. Depression can occur along with other serious illnesses, such as diabetes, cancer, heart disease, and parkinsons disease. Risk factors in depression request pdf researchgate. Women are twice as likely to become depressed as men, but beyond gender there are a variety of risk factors that influence the prevalence and likelihood of experiencing depression. The evidence of risk factors for depression came primar ily from descriptive largescale epidemiologic studies and analytic family and highrisk offspring studies. A depression is a prevalent mental healthcare problem and a common cause of disability worldwide.
Risk factors at the individual genetics, biology, affect, cognition, behaviour and broader contextual levels e. The occurrence of wellestablished risk factors for depression differs across the lifespan. Gilgel gibe field research center, south west ethiopia. For clinicians, identifying risk and protective factors provides critical information to assess and manage suicide risk in individuals. Prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression in. It can affect anyone at almost any age, but the reasons some people become depressed are not always known. To develop a similar intervention model for preventing depression among elderly community subjects, risk factors for depression in this population must be defined. Depression is the most common condition associated with suicide, and it is often undiagnosed or untreated. Risk factors for major depression and bipolar disorder pdf. A risk factor is something that increases your likelihood of getting a disease or condition.
The role of selfcriticism and selfcompassion anna m. Lowincome african american mothers of young children experience high rates of depression, but many of the risk factors that have been identified provide little. Since chronic physical illness is also a risk factor for depression, the. Assessment of prevalence and risk factors of depression among.