Ponderal index for discrimination between symmetric and. As such, they potentially allow the estimation of stunting and wasting that have occurred either in utero or postnatally. The ponderal index among iugr infants, but also among infants with a normal birth weight, is an independent predictor of neonatal morbidity. Fetal ponderal indexes were calculated by ultrasound. Muscle strength was assessed as gripstrength and as the maximal isometric voluntary contraction mvc of the quadriceps femoris. Introduction a condition where fetal weight is below 10th percentile or 2sd for the gestational age. Weight, length, ponderal index, and intrauterine growth. Thomaz, ana claire pimenteira and rocha, jose elias soares da. Crosssectional survey of liveborn, structurally normal, singleton neonates delivered at a tertiary care center in detroit, mich, from 1984 through 1991. Way of characterizing the relationship of height to mass for an individual.
Ponderal index medical definition merriamwebster medical. May 01, 2008 within both ethnic groups, reduction in fetal growth ratio was linearly associated with the bw, length, head circumference, cephalization index, and ponderal index. The ratio was evaluated as a test for the detection of small. The investigators address the difficulties associated with metaanalyses and metaregression and indeed there are two aspects of the paper that concern us. Ponderal index value was considered as the measurement of fetal growth proportionality. The aim of this study is to evaluate such relationships in a population of newborns, along with other epidemiological and auxological parameters, in particular the ponderal index pi. Introduction small for gestational age sga is defined as infants with a birth weight below the 10th percentile for gestational age. Rohrers ponderal index in newborns birth weight 100height3 has been used as an. The ponderal index pi is arrived at by the following formula.
To examine the influence of maternal hypertension on rate of delivery of smallforgestation age sga infants, incidence of neonatal polycythaemia and mean ponderal indices of the resultant newborn infants. Breastfeeding vs formulafeeding for infants born smallfor. However, this definition does not differentiate sga infants who are constitutionally small from those who are growthrestricted fgr. The ponderal index and the machc ratio provide information on the proportionality of body growth. The term small forgestational age sga describes a baby whose birth weight is less than the 10 th percentile or more than two standard deviations below the mean for age and sex or less than 2. The causes can be many, but most often involve poor maternal nutrition or lack of adequate oxygen supply to the fetus. Infants with intrauterine growth retardation iugr have a higher. Original article ponderal index of low birth weight babies jpma. Early postnatal weight gain, intellectual performance, and body mass index at 7 years of age in term infants with intrauterine growth restriction. The ponderal index in term newborn siblings american. Mar 23, 20 intrauterine growth restriction iugr is a common and complex obstetric problem. P171 ponderal index in sga neonates archives of disease in. Ponderal index can also be used to determine the degree of fetal.
Low birth weight babies with low ponderal index were labeled as having asymmetrical iugr. Iugr is noted to affect approximately 1015 % of pregnant women. Zvelocity in screening for intrauterine growth restriction. Relationship between various combinations of growth restriction and ponderal index discussion the prevalence of 7. The aim of this study is to evaluate such relationships in a population of newborns, along with other epidemiological and auxological parameters, in particular the ponderal index. The ratio of disproportionate versus proportionate iugr among low.
Fetus fails to reach its genetic growth potential fetus is small for gestational age sga increased risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Iugr was defined by birthweight less than the 10th percentile of standard values. The corpulence index ci or ponderal index pi is a measure of leanness corpulence of a person calculated as a relationship between mass and height. The ponderal index is a way to measure how obese a person is. As shown in table 3, mild to severe growth restriction fetal growth ratio pdf free download ebook, handbook, textbook, user guide pdf files on the internet quickly and easily. We aimed to develop ponderal index percentiles for preterm and ter. Ultrasound scans provide the basis for detection of intrauterine growth restriction iugr but often fail to distinguish iugr from smallforgestational age sga fetuses. Birth weightlength ratios, ponderal indexes, placental. Apr 11, 20 intrauterine growth restriction iugr and small for gestational age sga birth have been considered possible indicators of the presence of malformations. The ponderal index is somewhat comparable to body mass index, but gives a more fair comparison between individuals of different stature.
Intrauterine growth restriction and congenital malformations. Ponderal index corpulence index calculator captain calculator. Definition failure of the fetus to reach growth potential associated with increased morbidity and mortality ponderal index less than 10th centile. Babies analyzed with wtga using standard charts, two were not identified as having small for gestational age sga which were identified as having fm by cans.
Aug 04, 2017 intrauterine growth restriction iugr small for gestational age 1. As shown in table 3, mild to severe growth restriction fetal growth ratio iugr refers to poor growth of a fetus while in the mothers womb during pregnancy. Research open access intrauterine growth restriction and. A neonate with a can score of less than 25 is considered to be malnourished.
The risk of mortality and morbidity is increased in infants with fgr. Ponderal index of low birth weight babies a hospital based study. Based on ponderal index, 72 cases 72% were iugr and 28 cases 28 % were not iugr table fig6. We aimed to use pi for largeforgestational age lga infants who were born to diabetic or nondiabetic mothers, in order to predict the fetal growth pattern. Intrauterine growth retardation iugr affects 310% of pregnancies.
Intrauterine growth restriction iugr and small for gestational age sga birth have been considered possible indicators of the presence of malformations. Pi birth weight x 100 length 3 iugr is the second leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality with a 10fold greater. Intrauterine growth restriction iugr, a condition that occurs due to various. Jul 10, 2007 longterm neurological and cognitive development of the iugr infant at term have been studied extensively. Ponderal index can be used to identify infants whose soft tissue mass is below normal for the stage of skeletal development. The objective of this study was to classify intrauterine growthretarded iugr newborn babies from an urban region in brazil into four different subtypes, according to their weight, length, and ponderal index pi. The fetal ponderal index had a sensitivity and specificity of 56.
Intrauterine growth restriction iugr is associated with perinatal morbidity and mortality. Intrauterine growth restriction, head size at birth, and outcome in very preterm infants. Presence appearance of hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, narcotizing enterocolitis, hyper viscosity syndrome. Ponderal index definition use our free online ponderal index calculator when you want to quickly make a calculation. Variations in birth weight, length and ponderal index pi depend on. Current pattern of ponderal indices of term smallfor. Current pattern of ponderal indices of term smallforgestational age. Smallforgestational age, ponderal index and neonatal. Ponderal index weightlength 3 among iugr babies was independently associated with metabological changes in amniotic fluid. Perinatal mortality rates are 48 times higher for growth retarded infants, and morbidity is present in 50% of surviving infants. Sep 07, 2015 definition failure of the fetus to reach growth potential associated with increased morbidity and mortality ponderal index less than 10th centile.
Birth weight bwlength ratios, ponderal indexes, placental weights, and bwplacental weight ratios have been correlated with perinatal morbidity and mortality. Lets be honest sometimes the best ponderal index calculator is the one that is easy to use and doesnt require us to even know what the ponderal index formula is in the first place. Intrauterine growth retardation clinical significance. Impact of some risk factors on neonatal iugr incidence and. But if you want to know the exact formula for calculating ponderal index then please check out the formula box above. What is ponderal index also known as corpulence index. The prevalence of sga in the united states is 10% with a higher incidence recorded among the black population. It is similar to the body mass index, using a persons height and mass to calculate whether a person is lean or overweight. Pi birth weight x 100 crown heal length3 a ponderal index below the 10th percentile may be used to identify iugr infants correctly. Within both ethnic groups, reduction in fetal growth ratio was linearly associated with the bw, length, head circumference, cephalization index, and ponderal index. We analyzed the birth data of 1093 infants, classified. Longterm neurological and cognitive development of the iugr infant at term have been studied extensively. Influence of iugrsga phenotype on arterial structure and function. Iugr is the failure of normal foetal growth caused by mul.
The ponderal index describes body proportionality at birth thus distinguishing symmetric from asymmetric growth restriction. Because low birth weight and intrauterine growth retardation tend to recur in sibships, we examined patterns of sibling correlation in the ponderal index in 795 live term. Fetal growth restriction fgr, also called intrauterine growth restriction iugr is the term used to describe a fetus that has not reached its growth potential because of environmental factors. Weight, length, ponderal index, and intrauterine growth retardation in brazil weight, length, ponderal index, and intrauterine growth retardation in brazil p. Low ponderal index is associated with decreased muscle. For accuracy of data analysis,these patients were divided into two groups. The fetal brainliver weight ratio of 182 stillborn fetuses was analyzed for its value as a measure of intrauterine growth retardation. This study introduces the concept of zvelocity, calculated as changes in zscores over time, as an additional criterion in the diagnosis of iugr. It was first proposed in 1921 as the corpulence measure by swiss physician fritz rohrer and hence is also known as rohrers index. Ponderal index pi could identify only 89 babies as having iugr out of babies who were screened to be having fm by cans. Smallforgestational age sga newborns constitute a special group of. Ponderal index pi is a weightheight related parameter that is mainly used to assess the pattern of fetal growth in smallforgestational age infants.
A better definition of the at risk group with intrauterine growth problems than birth. Followed by types of iugr, namely symmetrical and asymmetrical iugr, ponderal index and how increased levels of cortisol, adrenaline and erythropoietin effect the new born baby. Disproportionate intrauterine growth intervention trial at. Intrauterine growth restriction iugr small for gestational age 1. The origin of the problem may be fetal, placental, or maternal, with significant overlap among these entities. Intrauterine growth retardation diagnosed by rohrers ponderal index and its association with morbidity and early neonatal mortality. Intrauterine growth restriction iugr is associated with an increased peri. Asymmetrical fetal growth is not associated with altered. While it can apply to people of any age, it is typically used in pediatrics children and babies to assess the ratio of height to weight of a person. Intrauterine growth retardation diagnosed by rohrers. Original article ponderal index of low birth weight babies.